Latijnse naam: Lentinula edodes

Andere namen: shiitake, flower mushroom, winter mushroom, Chinese black mushroom, golden oak mushroom, emperors mushroom (Engels), Shiitake (Duits), Lentinus edodes (Frans)

Actieve componenten: polysacchariden (betaglucanen 1.3, lentinan), amino zuren (isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, valine), vitamines (vitamine B1, B2, D), mineralen ( calcium, fosfor, kalium, ijzer), adenine, choline, hexose 

De shii-take is een paddenstoel die van oorsprong uit het verre oosten komt. In China, Japan, Thailand, Korea en Vietnam is het een veel gebruikt en gegeten product en een belangrijke bron van proteïnen. Voor veganisten en mensen die kosher eten is het de ultieme bron van vitamine D. Daarnaast wordt het in de Chinese geneeskunde gebruikt voor diverse aandoeningen en ziekten. Zo wordt de paddenstoel onder andere ingezet bij virusinfecties en cholesterolverlaging. Werkzame stoffen zijn onder andere beta glucanen, hexose (ahcc), lentinan en vitamine D (ref: 8,9,14,16,20,26 en 30 ).

Sinds een tiental jaren wordt er in het Westen onderzoek gedaan naar de medicinale eigenschappen van paddenstoelen waaronder de shii-take. Dit is ingegeven door het feit dat in de Chinese en Japanse geneeskunde paddenstoelen al duizenden jaren worden gebruikt bij diverse ziekten waaronder kanker. In Japan en China bestaan geregistreerde geneesmiddelen die gebaseerd zijn op paddenstoelen(extracten). Helaas is veel onderzoek nog in het Chinees en Japans en nog niet vertaald. De Westerse geneeskunde heeft echter veel belangstelling voor de toepassingen uit het verre Oosten en uit divers onderzoek blijkt dat de stoffen uit paddenstoelen als de shii-take goed kunnen worden ingezet bij een gecombineerde chemotherapie. De immuunsysteemversterkende eigenschappen maken dat de chemotherapie ook beter wordt verdragen.

Toepassing Shii-take in TCM (Traditional Chinese Medicine)

Bestaand wetenschappelijk onderzoek

Wetenschappelijk onderzoek Shii-take - 33 beschikbare referenties

1. Kabir Y, Yamaguchi M, Kimura S. Effect of shiitake (Lentinus edodes) and maitake (Grifola frondosa) mushrooms on blood pressure and plasma lipids of spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 1987 Oct;33(5):341-6. PMID: 3443885
2. Yamada T, Oinuma T, Niihashi M, Mitsumata M, Fujioka T, Hasegawa K, Nagaoka H, Itakura H. Effects of Lentinus edodes mycelia on dietary-induced atherosclerotic involvement in rabbit aorta. J Atheroscler Thromb. 2002;9(3):149-56. PMID: 12226557
3. Kabir Y, Kimura S. Dietary mushrooms reduce blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 1989 Feb;35(1):91-4. PMID: 2738717
4. Fukushima M, Ohashi T, Fujiwara Y, Sonoyama K, Nakano M. Cholesterol-lowering effects of maitake (Grifola frondosa) fiber, shiitake (Lentinus edodes) fiber, and enokitake (Flammulina velutipes) fiber in rats. Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2001 Sep;226(8):758-65. PMID: 11520942
5. Enman J, Hodge D, Berglund KA, Rova U. Production of the bioactive compound eritadenine by submerged cultivation of shiitake (Lentinus edodes) mycelia. J Agric Food Chem. 2008 Apr 23;56(8):2609-12. Epub 2008 Mar 26. PMID: 18363329
6. Enman J, Rova U, Berglund KA. Quantification of the bioactive compound eritadenine in selected strains of shiitake mushroom (Lentinus edodes). J Agric Food Chem. 2007 Feb 21;55(4):1177-80. Epub 2007 Jan 27.PMID: 17256958
7. Levy AM, Kita H, Phillips SF, Schkade PA, Dyer PD, Gleich GJ, Dubravec VA. Eosinophilia and gastrointestinal symptoms after ingestion of shiitake mushrooms. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1998 May;101(5):613-20. PMID: 9600497
8. Bisen PS, Baghel RK, Sanodiya BS, Thakur GS, Prasad GB. Lentinus edodes: a macrofungus with pharmacological activities. Curr Med Chem. 2010;17(22):2419-30. PMID: 20491636
9. Rop O, Mlcek J, Jurikova T. Beta-glucans in higher fungi and their health effects. Nutr Rev. 2009 Nov;67(11):624-31. PMID: 19906249
10. Tur?o J, Gutkowska B, Herold F. Effect of selenium enrichment on antioxidant activities and chemical composition of Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegl. mycelial extracts. Food Chem Toxicol. 2010 Apr;48(4):1085-91. Epub 2010 Feb 4. PMID: 20138104
11. Kawanishi T, Ikeda-Dantsuji Y, Nagayama A. Effects of two basidiomycete species on interleukin 1 and interleukin 2 production by macrophage and T cell lines. Immunobiology. 2010 Jul;215(7):516-20. Epub 2009 Nov 13. PMID: 19913939
12. Ng ML, Yap AT. Inhibition of human colon carcinoma development by lentinan from shiitake mushrooms (Lentinus edodes). J Altern Complement Med. 2002 Oct;8(5):581-9. PMID: 12470439
13. Jedinak A, Sliva D. Pleurotus ostreatus inhibits proliferation of human breast and colon cancer cells through p53-dependent as well as p53-independent pathway. Int J Oncol. 2008 Dec;33(6):1307-13. PMID: 19020765
14. Driscoll M, Hansen R, Ding C, Cramer DE, Yan J. Therapeutic potential of various beta-glucan sources in conjunction with anti-tumor monoclonal antibody in cancer therapy. Cancer Biol Ther. 2009 Feb;8(3):218-25. Epub 2009 Feb 3. PMID: 19106638
15. Shen J, Tanida M, Fujisaki Y, Horii Y, Hashimoto K, Nagai K. Effect of the culture extract of Lentinus edodes mycelia on splenic sympathetic activity and cancer cell proliferation. Auton Neurosci. 2009 Jan 28;145(1-2):50-4. Epub 2008 Dec 6. PMID: 19059811
16. Vetvicka V, Vashishta A, Saraswat-Ohri S, Vetvickova J. Immunological effects of yeast- and mushroom-derived beta-glucans. J Med Food. 2008 Dec;11(4):615-22. PMID: 19053851
17. Israilides C, Kletsas D, Arapoglou D, Philippoussis A, Pratsinis H, Ebringerová A, Hríbalová V, Harding SE. In vitro cytostatic and immunomodulatory properties of the medicinal mushroom Lentinula edodes. Phytomedicine. 2008 Jun;15(6-7):512-9. Epub 2008 Feb 1. PMID: 18242970
18. Kim HY, Kim JH, Yang SB, Hong SG, Lee SA, Hwang SJ, Shin KS, Suh HJ, Park MH. A polysaccharide extracted from rice bran fermented with Lentinus edodes enhances natural killer cell activity and exhibits anticancer effects. J Med Food. 2007 Mar;10(1):25-31. PMID: 17472463
19. Fang N, Li Q, Yu S, Zhang J, He L, Ronis MJ, Badger TM. Inhibition of growth and induction of apoptosis in human cancer cell lines by an ethyl acetate fraction from shiitake mushrooms. J Altern Complement Med. 2006 Mar;12(2):125-32. PMID: 16566671
20. Spierings EL, Fujii H, Sun B, Walshe T. A Phase I study of the safety of the nutritional supplement, active hexose correlated compound, AHCC, in healthy volunteers. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 2007 Dec;53(6):536-9.PMID: 18202543
21. Zheng R, Jie S, Hanchuan D, Moucheng W. Characterization and immunomodulating activities of polysaccharide from Lentinus edodes. Int Immunopharmacol. 2005 May;5(5):811-20. Epub 2004 Dec 2. PMID: 15778117
22. Okamoto T, Kodoi R, Nonaka Y, Fukuda I, Hashimoto T, Kanazawa K, Mizuno M, Ashida H. Lentinan from shiitake mushroom (Lentinus edodes) suppresses expression of cytochrome P450 1A subfamily in the mouse liver. Biofactors. 2004;21(1-4):407-9. PMID: 15630237
23. Gordon M, Bihari B, Goosby E, Gorter R, Greco M, Guralnik M, Mimura T, Rudinicki V, Wong R, Kaneko Y. A placebo-controlled trial of the immune modulator, lentinan, in HIV-positive patients: a phase I/II trial. J Med. 1998;29(5-6):305-30. PMID: 10503166
24. Ngai PH, Ng TB. Lentin, a novel and potent antifungal protein from shitake mushroom with inhibitory effects on activity of human immunodeficiency virus-1 reverse transcriptase and proliferation of leukemia cells. Life Sci. 2003 Nov 14;73(26):3363-74. PMID: 14572878
25. Yu S, Weaver V, Martin K, Cantorna MT. The effects of whole mushrooms during inflammation. BMC Immunol. 2009 Feb 20;10:12. PMID: 19232107
26. Lee HH, Lee JS, Cho JY, Kim YE, Hong EK. Structural characteristics of immunostimulating polysaccharides from lentinus edodes. J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2009 May;19(5):455-61. PMID: 19494692
27. Zhou LD, Zhang QH, Zhang Y, Liu J, Cao YM. The shiitake mushroom-derived immuno-stimulant lentinan protects against murine malaria blood-stage infection by evoking adaptive immune-responses. Int Immunopharmacol. 2009 Apr;9(4):455-62. Epub 2009 Feb 2. PMID: 19189863
28. Wang S, Welte T, Fang H, Chang GJ, Born WK, O'Brien RL, Sun B, Fujii H, Kosuna K, Wang T. Oral administration of active hexose correlated compound enhances host resistance to West Nile encephalitis in mice. J Nutr. 2009 Mar;139(3):598-602. Epub 2009 Jan 13. PMID: 19141700
29. Chang R. Functional properties of edible mushrooms. Nutr Rev. 1996 Nov;54(11 Pt 2):S91-3. PMID: 9110582
30. Aviles H, O'Donnell P, Sun B, Sonnenfeld G. Active hexose correlated compound (AHCC) enhances resistance to infection in a mouse model of surgical wound infection. Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2006 Dec;7(6):527-35. PMID: 17233570
31. Terakawa N, Matsui Y, Satoi S, Yanagimoto H, Takahashi K, Yamamoto T, Yamao J, Takai S, Kwon AH, Kamiyama Y. Immunological effect of active hexose correlated compound (AHCC) in healthy volunteers: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Nutr Cancer. 2008;60(5):643-51. PMID: 18791928
32. Yang P, Liang M, Zhang Y, Shen B. Clinical application of a combination therapy of lentinan, multi-electrode RFA and TACE in HCC. Adv Ther. 2008 Aug;25(8):787-94. PMID: 18670743
33. De Lima, P.L.A. et al - Lentinula edodes (Berk.)(Shiitake) modulates genotoxic and mutagenic effects induced by alkylating agents in vivo, 2001, Mutattion research, Vol. 496, No. 10, pp: 23-32